Letters

Characters

A character is a single Unicode element enclosed within quotes U+0022 (") with the exception of U+0022 itself, which must be escaped by a preceding U+005C character (\).

var aCharacter: chr = "z\n"
var anotherOne: str = "語\n"

Raw characters

Raw character literals do not process any escapes. They are enclosed within single-quotes U+0027 (') with the exception of U+0027 itself:

var aCharacter: chr = 'z'

Strings

A string is a single or a sequence of Unicode elements enclosed within quotes U+0022 (") with the exception of U+0022 itself, which must be escaped by a preceding U+005C character (\).

var hiInEnglish: str = "Hello, world!\n"
var hInCantonese: str = "日本語"

Line-breaks are allowed in strings. A line-break is either a newline (U+000A) or a pair of carriage return and newline (U+000D, U+000A). Both byte sequences are normally translated to U+000A, but as a special exception, when an unescaped U+005C character (\ occurs immediately before the line-break, the U+005C character, the line-break, and all whitespace at the beginning of the next line are ignored. Thus a and b are equal:

var a: str = "foobar";
var b: str = "foo\
              bar";

assert(a,b);

Escape sequences

Some additional escapes are available in either character or non-raw string literals.

code description
\p platform specific newline: CRLF on Windows, LF on Unix
\r, \c carriage return
\n, \l line feed (often called newline)
\f form feed
\t tabulator
\v vertical tabulator
\\ backslash
\" quotation mark
\' apostrophe
\ ‘0’..‘9’+ character with decimal value d; all decimal digits directly following are used for the character
\a alert
\b backspace
\e escape [ESC]
\x HH character with hex value HH; exactly two hex digits are allowed
\u HHHH unicode codepoint with hex value HHHH; exactly four hex digits are allowed
\u {H+} unicode codepoint; all hex digits enclosed in {} are used for the codepoint

Raw strings

Just like raw characters, raw string literals do not process any escapes either. They are enclosed within single-quotes U+0027 (') with the exception of U+0027 itself:

var hiInEnglish: str = 'Hello, world!'

Booleans

The two values of the boolean type are written true and false:

var isPresent: bol = false;